Measures density of soil for comparing the degree of compaction vs specs. Soil density standard vs modified proctor keystone retaining walls. Because of the benefits from compaction, contractors have built larger and heavier machines to increase the amount of compaction of the soil. This paper discusses performance based specifications and the applicability of both the standard and modified proctor compaction tests to.
Soil compaction testing otherwise known as density tests are performed in order to determine the soil compaction level. The procedure is repeated for a sufficient number of molding. A soil penetrometer is an instrument used for estimating soil compaction. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. Compaction test proctor test civil engineering notes. The principal reason for compacting soil is to reduce subsequent settlement under working loads.
Compaction of soil is an important process, as it helps it of achieve certain physical properties necessary for its proper behaviour under loading. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Compaction factor test workability of concrete the. Definition of compaction compaction is the process by which soil particles are packed more closely together by dynamic loading such as rolling, tamping or vibration it is achieved through the reduction of air voids with little or no change in water content of soil. Proctor compaction test, soil proctor test full procedure, mdd omc test, standard proctor test,modified proctor hi friends, in this video we are showing full procedure of proctor test. Compaction is a type of mechanical stabilization where the soil mass is densified with the application of mechanical energy also known as compactive effort. This test is used to increase shear strength of soil. A typical compaction curve obtained from the british standard light compaction test section 6. The test first determines the maximum density achievable for the materials and uses this figure as a reference. Modified proctor test was alter adopted by aashto and astm.
Laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort. Objective to obtain the graphical relationship of the dry density to moisture content in the form of compaction curve, for determining the values of optimum moisture content omc and maximum dry. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. The degree of compaction of soil is measured by its unit weight, and the optimum moisture content, w c. Laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. Site investigation prior to commencement of any road construction project involving site formation work, site investigation is carried out to establish the geological profile along the road alignment. Indian institute of technology gandhinagar department of. The standard proctor test is conducted within the laboratory and involves using a standardised amount of energy to compact the material into moulds.
Nd t 224 correction for coarse particles in the soil compaction test. The procedure is repeated for a sufficient number of. The standard proctor test astm d698 employs 12,400 ftlbsft3 of soil, while the modified proctor astm. What is the difference between standard proctor test and. Note 1one method for the design and control of the compaction of such soils is to use a test fill to determine the required degree of compaction and a method to obtain that compaction. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by.
Guidelines for earthwork construction control testing of gravelly soils 3 reclamation uses the rapid compaction test usbr 7240 5, astm d 5080 6 for routine control of silty or clayey soils. These companies are licensed by the state of florida to practice engineering and geology. Here we are going to compute the bulk density of sand down to the degree of compaction of soil. It was designated astm test d1557 or modified aashto t180, initially adopted in 1958 the modified proctor test uses a 10lb hammer in an 18inch drop sleeve.
Sampling concrete mix m15 is blended according to the specified mix design in the laboratory. Soil density standard vs modified proctor reinforced soil structures routinely specify that all soils be compacted to 95% of the maximum density determined by astm d698 standard proctor density for conformance with the design. The compacting factor test has been developed at the road research laboratory in united kingdom. This recommendation applies the standard compaction md control spec to the moisturedensity curves the site is compacting on, and keeps the select lab reference curves minimum density as reference standards. It is an instantaneous process and always takes place in. Compaction of soil purpose and effects of soil compaction. Construction specification csor023 is applicable to all types of earthfill including fill sections constructed of rocky soils and embankments constructed of soft or friable rock that is expected to break down during compaction. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or fill is analyzed in the lab. Fundamentals of soil compaction intelligent compaction.
Jun 23, 2016 the importance of compaction the process of compaction in pavement and subgrade material is a method of mechanically induced stress applied repetitiously to achieve a desired density to promote both short and long term performance. Standard test method for inplace density and water content of soil and soil. However, standard proctor density criteria is typically utilized in the eastern us where. The selection of either standard or modified compaction depends on the specification and generally standard compaction is more commonly used. Both the original and modified here the modified proctor compaction test 1946. This specification must be read in its entirety, as it is structured in order of workflow, which means that. The aashto standard test procedure reports the percentage of material finer. Compaction factor test for concrete workability method and. This is the most common laboratory soil test and the basis for all engineered compacted soil placements for embankements, pavements, and structural fills. The test methods followed were the aasho designation t180 method c, the michigan cone test, the indiana vibratory hammer method. Compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio. It was found that the standard compaction test could not reproduce the densities measured in the field and this led to the development of the modified compaction test.
Very often, samples are taken by borehole drilling for tests including, particle size. Astm d698 00a standard test methods for laboratory. Density has a controlling influence on ssb strength and the density achieved for an ssb depends on the energy supplied during compaction. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. As water is added to a soil at low moisture content it becomes easier for the particles to move past one another during the application of the compacting. The standard proctor test astm d698, aashto t99, and the modified.
Ken sudduth ag engineer usda agricultural research service columbia, mo. What is the importance of compaction global road technology. Hi friends, in this video we are showing full procedure of proctor test specially for wmm as per morth 5th revision. The calculation of dry density and maximum dry density is similar to that of standard proctor test. Model your spreadsheet after the spreadsheet posted on the class web site for the lecture example. Standard compaction test density physical sciences scribd. Compaction tests are commonly performed as part of a geotechnical profile of a building site. If a heavier degree of compaction corresponding to the bs heavy compaction test section 6. In order to evaluate the degree of compaction achieved at site, the field density carried out by field density test sand replacement method or any other method, is compared with the laboratory density determined by standard proctor test or modified proctor test. The degree of compaction, called the compacting factor is measured by the density ratio i. D1557 12 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. Internal diameter of mould 100 mm, height of mould 127. Apr 06, 2014 creative commons license this work is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike 4.
Kt12 reflects testing procedures found in aashto t 99. Test strips are useful to determine which type of compactor and how many passes will be necessary to achieve the desired compaction. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft 3600 knmm 1 this standard is issued under the. This compaction is a comparison of the laboratory compaction proctor to the field density and recorded as a percentage. Soil compaction is typically required by contract or specifications to be the responsibility of the contractor.
Compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many engineering projects. The soil moisture content and the degree of dry density to which the soil is prepared to be compacted maintain a definite relationship. The modified proctor test was developed and standardized by aasho to represent heavier compaction required for heavier transports. The rapid compaction test is a threepoint proctor compaction test that works on an adjusted wet density basis. The test is named in honor of ralph roscoe proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. Harper formerly assistant research engineer william w. D698 00a standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12,400 ftlbfft 3 600 knmm 3, impact compaction using standard effort, density, moisturedensity curves, proctor test, compaction characterist, soil compaction, laboratory tests. This manual covers all tests which are needed to be carried out at site or.
Heavy compaction test also known as modified compaction test. Apr 17, 2020 a compaction test is a soil quality test used to assess the level of compaction which can occur in the soil on a site. Compaction factor test of concrete for low workability. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. Compaction factor test is designed in such a way that it can be used only in laboratory but in some cases, it can be used for field concrete tests. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of compaction.
The compacting factor test is performed to find out the workability of concrete. Astm d698 12e2 standard test methods for laboratory. The standard proctor compaction test was developed by r. They may also be performed to learn more about a soil in a particular area, whether or not the area is slated for development. Aug 25, 2015 the proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. Compaction factor test is the workability test for concrete conducted in laboratory. The compaction factor is the ratio of weights of partially compacted to fully compacted concrete. Soil compaction spreadsheet create a microsoft excel spreadsheet to analyze modified proctor test data and sand cone test data. Dec 27, 2014 this is a continuation of the previous article i posted how to do a compaction test or insitu density test, about the calculation of the compaction test report. Soil compaction has many benefits but the appropriate amount of compaction and conduct quality control to realize these benefits should be specified. The mechanical energy may be produced by the dynamic load, static load, vibration, or by tamping. Maximum dry density of soil and optimum moisture content test. Standard compaction test free download as word doc.
The procedure for compaction of fine grained materials shall be followed whenever. This test is generally used when compaction is applied on smaller areas eg. Pdf use of proctor compaction testing for deep fill. Mould has detachable collar and base plate assembly as in the case of standard proctor test. A soils optimum moisture content is usually lower when compacted to modified proctor versus standard proc.
Summary of concrete workability test methods research report icar 1051 sponsored by the aggregates foundation for technology, research and education. Soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids. Nd t 245 resistance to plastic flow of bituminous mixtures using marshall. The proctor compaction test establishes the maximum unit weight that a particular type of soil can be compacted to using a controlled compactive force at an optimum water content.
To assess the workability of concrete using compaction factor test apparatus compaction factor apparatus trowels hand scoop 15. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. In order to realize the relationship between the moisture content and the compactness of soils, the compaction test is used so called proctor test and its result is the compaction curve a relationship between the dry density and its relevant moisture content see a picture on the left. Pdf use of proctor compaction testing for deep fill construction. Bs 7741990 methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes part 4 compaction related tests. The selection of moulds depends on the particle size distribution of the material, such as. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture contents. An extensive laboratory test program was carried out, comprising seven methods of compaction and four materials under various moisture conditions and gradations. Research has been done showing the relationship between standard and modified proctor densi ty testing for different soils types as indicated. Compaction characteristics of stabilised soil mixtures can be established by reference to the standard proctor test, under which the ssb density achieved could be either more or less than the standard proctor omc, depending on the capacity of the machine. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used as supports for a lot of infrastructures.
Guidelines for earthwork construction control testing of. Empirical evidence suggests that the percentage of coarse fraction content on soil has an influence on the soil optimum moisture content omc and soil maximum dry density mdd. The standard specification is published in a series of 21 standalone modules, each addressing a. Pdf static method to determine compaction characteristics of. These test methods used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of soils. Test methods permit one or two litre moulds for compaction. October 15, 2018 introduction it is known that optimum moisture content w% is one of the most important factors for obtaining a soils maximum dry density which is required to maximize its strength. Then use a method specification to control the compaction by specifying the type and size of compaction equipment, the lift thickness, and the number of passes. Soil compaction tests determination of the dry densitywater content relationship test 4.
It was developed by road research laboratory in united kingdom and is used to determine the workability of concrete. It is a motor driven mechanical compactor useful for soil compaction into 100 mm or 150 mm diameter moulds. D69812e2 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft3 600 knmm3 density water content particle size. Proctor test astm d155791 the proctor, or modified proctor test, determines the maximum density of a soil needed for a specific job site. Use of proctor compaction testing for deep fill construction using impact rollers. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. No material specifications complement construction specification csor023. Usda mo ssps field test results depth10 cm depth30 cm depth20 cm depth50 cm depth40 cm 160 170 180 190 200 210. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its. Standard proctor test an overview sciencedirect topics. This standard is issued under the fixed designation d1557. His original test is most commonly referred to as the standard proctor compaction test. Soil compaction testings are performed by professional engineering companies specializing in geotechnical work.
Us army corps of engineers developed modified proctor test which used greater levels of compaction and produced higher densities. Seay supervising field engineer research report 902f research study number 266590 sponsored by. Soil compaction decrease in soil volume and porosity, or increase in soil bulk density, due to. There are two proctor tests that defined by the american association of highway officials and american standard testing material. Compaction test light weight standard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. Standard test procedures manual highways and infrastructure. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the basis for. Compaction characteristics of soil astm d1557 proctor compaction test prepared by. Standard compaction test and modified compaction test. Compaction is to press the soil particles together by expelling air from the void spaces.
Standard compaction test,heavy compaction test modified. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. Im 309 determining standard proctor moisture density relationship of soils.
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